Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

The rapid advancement of industrial technology, especially through the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0, is helping to develop and improve smarter manufacturing processes. While IIoT automates industrial systems, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and increased productivity, Industry 4.0 includes technologies that streamline value chains, reduce production times, and promote sustainable development. Environmental regulations have encouraged technological innovation and supported the green transformation of industries such as high-tech and heavy industry. The integration of green technologies has improved resource utilization and fostered the development of a low-carbon economy. In addition, smart institutions and technologies such as the Internet of Things are essential for improving waste management, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This study highlights the impact of green initiatives and technological advances such as automation on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, challenges such as financial markets and the informal economy pose challenges to energy consumption, particularly in regions such as the Middle East and North Africa. These studies highlight the need for a balanced approach that combines technology, governance and innovation to support economic growth and development.